Potential PowerShell Obfuscation via High Numeric Character Proportion

Last updated a month ago on 2025-04-16
Created a month ago on 2025-04-16

About

Identifies PowerShell scripts with a disproportionately high number of numeric characters, often indicating the presence of obfuscated or encoded payloads. This behavior is typical of obfuscation methods involving byte arrays, character code manipulation, or embedded encoded strings used to deliver and execute malicious content.
Tags
Domain: EndpointOS: WindowsUse Case: Threat DetectionTactic: Defense EvasionData Source: PowerShell LogsLanguage: esql
Severity
low
Risk Score
21
MITRE ATT&CKâ„¢

Defense Evasion (TA0005)(opens in a new tab or window)

Execution (TA0002)(opens in a new tab or window)

License
Elastic License v2(opens in a new tab or window)

Definition

Integration Pack
Prebuilt Security Detection Rules
Related Integrations

windows(opens in a new tab or window)

Query
FROM logs-windows.powershell_operational* metadata _id, _version, _index
| WHERE event.code == "4104"

// Look for scripts with more than 1000 chars that contain a related keyword
| EVAL script_len = LENGTH(powershell.file.script_block_text)
| WHERE script_len > 1000

// Replace string format expressions with 🔥 to enable counting the occurrence of the patterns we are looking for
// The emoji is used because it's unlikely to appear in scripts and has a consistent character length of 1
| EVAL replaced_with_fire = REPLACE(powershell.file.script_block_text, """[0-9]""", "🔥")

// Count the occurrence of numbers and their proportion to the total chars in the script
| EVAL special_count = script_len - LENGTH(REPLACE(replaced_with_fire, "🔥", ""))
| EVAL proportion = special_count::double / script_len::double

// Keep the fields relevant to the query, although this is not needed as the alert is populated using _id
| KEEP special_count, script_len, proportion, replaced_with_fire, powershell.file.script_block_text, powershell.file.script_block_id, file.path, powershell.sequence, powershell.total, _id, _index, host.name, agent.id, user.id

// Filter for scripts with a 25%+ proportion of numbers
| WHERE proportion > 0.25

Install detection rules in Elastic Security

Detect Potential PowerShell Obfuscation via High Numeric Character Proportion in the Elastic Security detection engine by installing this rule into your Elastic Stack.

To setup this rule, check out the installation guide for Prebuilt Security Detection Rules(opens in a new tab or window).